Russian forces initially occupied the village near the key city of Bakhmut in early 2023, but it was liberated by Ukraine later that year during Kiev's counteroffensive.
Moscow said its troops gained control of Klishchiivka "as a result of offensive operations."
Ukrainian authorities had said earlier on Wednesday that the situation in the village was "under control."
Klischchiivka is the latest village to change hands for a third time during the conflict which began in February 2022.