Victoria Police said that investigators from the Illicit Firearms Squad were called to a property in the state's Dumbalk North to execute a firearms warrant in the afternoon.
Police said early investigations suggested a man who resided at the property fired shots at detectives before officers returned fire.
No police officers were injured during the incident, Xinhua news agency reported.
A 56-year-old man was injured at the property and was taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.
Roads around the property were subsequently cordoned off and multiple police cars and ambulances were at the scene.